On October 25, 1415, in a sodden field in northern France, a weary English army faced annihilation. Outnumbered by French forces that outshone them in armor, wealth, and reputation, King Henry V’s men had every reason to despair. And yet, by the day’s end, the improbable had happened: the English, hungry, sick, and exhausted, had …
Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was a towering figure in the early Middle Ages whose impact on Western Europe resonates to this day. Born in 742, Charlemagne rose to become King of the Franks and Lombards, and eventually, the first Emperor of the Carolingian Empire. His reign marked a transformative era, uniting vast …
